Co-incineration as raw alternative material (cement works & other)

Type of treatment: Treatment

Description:

Incineration of polluted sand and solid waste in cement works as Alternative Raw material (Sand is a natural raw material consumed in cement production).

Note. Co-incineration is the incineration of waste in industrial incinerators, kilns, furnaces as an alternative or complementary fuel source and/ or as material source.

Waste:

Polluted sand
Polluted solid waste

Situation/Possibilities in the country:

Some cement facilities have special adaptations to use OSW (sands, muds, solid waste) as raw material.

Interest:

· Contaminated solid waste (woods, plastic, and other macro-waste) could be processed in kiln as Alternative Fuel and Raw material.

· Final elimination of contaminated sand and of most solid waste material. Previous successful experience in Holcim France for treatment of waste generated from Erika spill (Source: Holcim Europe direct communication).

Entry criteria:

==> Depending on each facility:

· Sand may be processed;

· No pebbles is allowed in the system;

· Plastic is possible but no/ very little PVC or chlorine.

The kiln operator must maintain an overall waste composition comprising:

· Si O2 : 21 to 24%,

· Al2 O3 : 4.5 to 6%,

· Fe2 O3 : 3 to 4%,

· Ca O : 64 to 66%.

Operational constraints:

The content of oil in the waste must be limited to avoid outbalancing the energetic balance of the kiln (e.g. waste must have less than 0.5% THC in France)

Requires personnel, site, incinerator and waste handling equipment.

· salt in recovered oil could increase corrosion in system;

· should be free of mercury, zinc, MgO and ferrous metals as it effects kiln operation;

· potential change in emission characteristics due to waste characteristics;

· require pre-processing which is labour intensive.

Impacts:

Loss of natural sand resources.
Incinerators may release carcinogenic and toxic chemicals, including heavy metals, partially-burned organic material such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and other organic chemicals, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), dioxins and furans.
The concentration of the release depends on the type of waste, of incinerator and of filter installed on the chimney.
See Appendix “Emission limits for co-incineration in cement kilns”, p.107

Legal constraints:

Refer to incineration and atmospheric releases legislation.
Special authorisation may be required for such work.

Efficiency:

Depends on the substitution rate : from 1 to 5 tons/ day

Cost:

OPEX: from 30 to 150 Euros / ton according to waste condition. Mostly no additional cost if lightly contaminated soil with oil and solid waste (Source: Holcim Europe direct communication)

Co-incineration as raw alternative material (cement works & other)

Co-incineration as raw alternative material (cement works & other)

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