Co-incineration as fuel source (cement works, lime kiln, power plant...)

Type of treatment: Treatment

Description:

Incineration of the liquid oil recovered as fuel source in cement works (and/ or industrial furnaces)
Note. Co-incineration is the incineration of waste in industrial incinerators, kilns, furnaces as an alternative or complementary fuel source and/ or as material source.

Waste:

Liquid
Pasty waste
Depending on installation: solid waste

Situation/Possibilities in the country:

Some cement facilities have special adaptations to receive OSW as fuel.

Interest:

Liquid :

· Recovery and re-use of oil as valuable energy source

· Cost recovery option

Entry criteria:

Waste has to meet stringent technical specifications:

· heavy metals, mercury, MgO and zinc (e.g. less than 1%),

· chlorine (e.g. less than 2%),

· sulphur (e.g. less than 4%), etc.

· (Possible reference to the Stockholm Convention).

The kiln operator will evaluate the calorific power of the waste, minimum of 2,500 to 3,000 kcal/ kg is required.

Additional monitoring requirements will be required by the kiln operators regarding sulphate, alkalin, and solid residue content.

==> Some cement kilns have restrictive criteria:

· no sand,

· dry residue: 2% maximum, at 90 microns maximum,

· no (or very little) chlorine),

· plastic is possible but no PVC or chlorine.

Pre treatment is often needed.

Operational constraints:

Waste must be homogeneous and of a controlled and quantified calorific power.

Requires personnel, site, incinerator and waste handling equipment.

· salt in recovered oil could increase corrosion in system;

· depends on the installations (i.e. burners and injectors);

· content in chlorine and sulphate must be limited;

· requires pre-treatment (processing and screening) which is labour intensive;

· quality of oil recovered could be a limiting factor.

Impacts:

Incinerators may release carcinogenic and toxic chemicals, including heavy metals, partially-burned organic material such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and other organic chemicals, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), dioxins and furans.
The concentration of the release depends on the type of waste, of incinerator and of filter installed on the chimney.
See the Appendix “Emission limits for co-incineration in cement kilns”, p.107

Legal constraints:

Refer to incineration and atmospheric releases legislation.
Special authorisation may be required for such work.

Efficiency:

Depends on the substitution rate : from 1 to 1.5 tons/ day

Cost:

CAPEX: use of already existing installation, may require adaptation to handle oil spill waste.

OPEX: Estimated to 30 to 50 Euros/ ton (may be 0 euro if oil does not need pre-treatment), depending on the quality of the recovered oil and on the additional cost for waste pre-processing in the plant (demulsifying, screening for absence of heterogeneous elements etc.).

Co-incineration as fuel source (cement works, lime kiln, power plant...)

Co-incineration as fuel source (cement works, lime kiln, power plant...)

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